The Communications

Directorate of Distance Education

University of Kashmir

ISSN: 0975-6558

The future of young children is in the hands of teachers and many of the teachers may be unaware of the importance of their expectations. The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe how teachers in Private School settings in Delhi attempt to communicate their expectations to students to help them develop positive self perception. It seeks to identify whether they believe these expectations affect student achievement, and what motivational strategies these teachers use to enhance their students’ learning. This paper is based on a qualitative study theoretically informed by phenomenological hermeneutic inquiry. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured open-ended interviews and results were critically analyzed and interpreted hermeneutically.

A Business is a family business when it is an enterprise growing out of the families needs, built on the family abilities worked by its hands and minds, and guided by its moral and spiritual values. Still there are so many issues which can affect the fastest growth of these businesses. Therefore this paper is an attempt to find out the major issues in family business management in Kashmir. This paper is divided into three parts. Part one represents introduction, reviews of literature, research methodology and objectives of the study. Part two review the major issues and factors affecting the family business management. The analysis in this paper is qualitative as well as quantitative. The standardized scale developed by Chua, Chrisman and Sharma (2003) has been used for the study. This study is based on information obtained from primary sources which includes fifty family business firms which are taken from the selected cities of Kashmir names Kupwara, Anantanag and Budgam. Final and third part includes findings and conclusion of the study.

RACT The increasing number of corporate scandals, frauds and failures in the last few years has raised a big question mark on the effectiveness of current corporate governance (CG) structures of businesses, financial institutions and banks. Consequently, CG disclosure practices have received much attention and have become a fundamental theme of the modern corporate regulatory system. This is also envisaged by the recent provisions of the SEBI’s “Revised Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement”, which encompasses providing information by a company to the public in a variety of ways. Growing importance is also being accorded to governance in banks by the Reserve Bank of India in recent years. In view of the importance of the banking system for financial stability, sound corporate governance and disclosure practices are not only relevant at the level of individual banks, but are also critical ingredients at the system level. Effective risk management systems determine the health of financial system and its ability to survive shocks. This paper is an attempt to look into some important aspects relating to corporate governance disclosure practices in banks with special reference to the Jammu and Kashmir Bank Limited. The paper is essentially a descriptive study the basic foundation of which comes from the Annual Report 2011-12 of the bank and various websites .The paper reveals that disclosure practices of the bank are very much in line with the guidelines as prescribed by the RBI and Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement of the SEBI. An examination of the financial statements reveals that J&K Bank has performed well a

The present research paper examines the problems and prospectus of children in general and that of Kashmir in particular. It analyses the various issues and concerns about the children who are socialized in a state of confusion and chaos, where excessive obsession breeds fear and nervousness marrying the prospects, where physical, mental, cultural, intellectual or emotional well-being is endangered, and where the bigotry and hegemony have claimed the lives of thousands of children. A special mention in the paper has been given to causes and consequences of problems of children in Kashmir enumerating their psychological, social, educational, political economic and cultural dimensions. It also highlights the critical outlook of child development aiming at their needs, aspirations and attitudes. Children are among the most neglected, abused and exploited segments of the population. Unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist. Slavery, debt, bondage, trafficking, sexual exploitation, the use of children in drug trade and in armed conflict, as well as hazardous work are all defined as worst forms of child labour. It is in this light that the present paper has been formulated and developed with the objective of developing a sociological understanding of problems and prospectus of children in Kashmir.

Advertising is essentially a thing to induce consumption and to make people buy things. Broadly speaking, every presentation for the promotion of products, services or ideas would fall within the meaning of advertising. Although, advertising as a concept is a product of the commercial age, it was in vogue in one form or the other throughout the centuries. Whether it was a product to be sold or service to be offered or a precept to be spread, some propagatory means to reach the masses where necessary and where availed of. Means varied according to the audience targeted and facilities available but attempts were always made to use them to spot light the message. The simplest form of advertising was that of the street criers and the peddlers, who went about selling their wares. The pulpit, the platform, street meeting and the village gatherings were the other modes of spreading the message. The peddler as well as the Prophet resorted to it. On sold to his wears, the other his views. Both had to persuade as large a number of people as possible to take up what they have to offer and were always in need of appropriate means to attract maximum number of such people. And sometimes resorted to misleading and false advertising which will continue to influence the customer’s decision to purchase, even after it has been discontinued. Studies have indicated that there is normally a delayed response by consumers to advertisements. Therefore, remedy is to issue corrective advertisement. Question arises to what extent Constitution will accept its permissibility. In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight the constitutionality of corrective advertisements.

The Study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the role of Social Welfare Department for granting the scholarships at Post-Matric level to the physically challenged students in all Districts of Kashmir Province. The Sample of 300 beneficiaries was drawn, Self constructed Information Schedule and Questionnaire was used. The results of the study depict that Post-Matric Scholarship scheme to Physically challenged students during the years (2008-09) and (2009-10) has been utilized by all Districts of Kashmir Province except the Ladakh Division (Leh and Kargil)

The present study was undertaken to study and compare the visually impaired, hearing impaired and crippled students on various dimensions of mental health and academic achievement. 100 visually impaired, 100 hearing impaired and 100 crippled students were selected randomly for the present investigation. The investigators used Alpna Sen Gupta’s Mental Health Battery for the collection of data. The collected data was analyzed by some statistical techniques. Some interesting conclusion has been drawn from the present study. The visually impaired, hearing impaired and crippled students showed somewhat similar mental health, but a significant mean difference was found among three groups of students on their academic achievement.

The present paper synthesizes the latest discussion on the emerging paradigm for tourism industry. Three alternative marketing perspectives for the tourism marketing are discussed: experience economy, service dominant logic, and paradigm shift. Additionally, their relevance to the field of tourism marketing is highlighted holistically. The paper explores the application and incorporation of service dominant logic, experience economy within a research paradigm in tourism scholarship and practice. The need for new paradigm thinking is emphasised for the tourism industry. The research intends to present and generate a theoretical holistic view of tourism marketing from these lenses.

The researcher did an empirical study to find out the opinion of the employees of Jammu & Kashmir Industries Ltd, J&K for declaring it as a sick industry .The Researcher determined the reasons after taking the opinion from the employees of Jammu & Kashmir Industries Ltd, J&K. The objectives on which the researcher will conduct the study are: 1) to study the reasons due to which Jammu Kashmir industries Ltd. became sick industry. 2) Understanding the employees views about the most important reason for Jammu & Kashmir Industries Ltd, J&K becoming sick.3) to frame a suitable revival strategy so as to protect the employment of the masses .and 4) safeguard the state wealth & resources. The researcher tabulated the data and presented the data in the form of table and piechart. Thereafter the researcher discussed the reasons in detail. After studying the reason and analyzing them the researcher concluded that every reason given by the employee is responsible for declaring Jammu & Kashmir Industries Ltd. as sick industry.

One of the important objectives of higher education is to achieve expansion, inclusion and excellence. Formal system turns every stone to achieve it but one-fifth of students enrolled in higher education are in the Open and Distance Education (ODE) stream. Open and Distance Education has enormous potential to spread higher education opportunities beyond the brick and mortar world. But there is reason for concern that is quality of higher education provided in large segments of Open and Distance Education. The National Knowledge Commission suggested reforms to bring improvement in quality that includes the creation of Information and Communication Technology, infrastructure for networking ODE institutions, set up a National Education Foundation to develop web-based common open resources, National Educational Testing Service, Credit Bank and the Technical Advisory Group and Advisory Group on Pedagogical Content Management

ct Youth is seen as the key determining feature of a society, as a society depends more on this section. There seems to be near unanimity in the view that youth cannot be ignored in our social reckoning. A special attention is to be paid to this large chunk of population, their needs and problems. The focus of the present study is to understand the situation, needs and aspirations of youth in India; it is argued that since youth have to take up the future of the society, they have to be properly groomed to take up this huge and arduous task, which lies ahead of them. They are credited with a burning zeal and unlimited enthusiasm even if often they are accused of the lack of direction and approach. The present study “The panorama of youth in India: A sociodemographic analysis”, is significant as it mainly concentrates its attention to define the concept of youth in India, who is the most imperative and significant section of the society, and there is today a general impatience among them with the existing social structure and social system. The study is a modest attempt to characterize the key sectors of youth concern in India, including education, unemployment, health, youth participation, challenges, environment and sports and recreation. Since the future of a society is determined to a large extent by what the youth learns in their formative years. That is why every civilized society pays adequate attention to the needs, training, education and general upbringing of youth. Infact the maturity and quality of a society can be judged by the extent of attention it pays on youth.

Has the regional displacement widened in the post-reform period? This study attempts to probe into this by analysing growth rates of aggregate and sectoral domestic product of major states in the pre (1980s) and post-reform (1990s) decades. Our results indicate that while the growth rate of gross domestic product has improved only marginally in the post-reform decade, the regional displacement and developments in state domestic product has widened much more drastically. Industrial states are now growing much faster than the backward states, and there is no evidence of convergence of growth rates among states. Even more disturbing is that there is now an inverse relationship between local population growth and migrational saturation. The cultural values of societies are now in a new era. The very well socio-economic collaboration stream led to make a strong change in entire society. This has a very serious implication for employment and the political economy of India. India is already in a growing in term of power projects and developmental world but where the people enjoys the benefits and fruit of developments other hand they have to become the part of displacement form their native place and the resources and sources of their own has been the finalized by the legal authorities and this research paper is extremely based on the regional displacement with effect of the development. All the societal life imbibes the values of the socio-cultural and the socio-economic asserts as a whole. National Hydro-electric power cooperation (NHPC) becomes the source to reshuffle the cultural and traditional standard of people of kishtwar

The present study was aimed to make a critical assessment of socio-economic disparities and their impact on the educational status of masses. The research was conducted in rural, urban and tribal areas of Srinagar where from a sample of 90 respondents including children, adolescents and adults was selected through stratified random sampling method. Srinagar city was purposively selected as the universe of study as it provides a living platform to multiple of groups with diversified socio-economic profiles. Besides this, the impact of emerging processes like globalization, liberalization, privatization and technological advancements can be seen on the totality of social institutions in Srinagar, of which education is not any exception. Efforts were made to assess the educational status of various classes with different modes of economy and social contexts with special emphasis on the issues and challenges faced by majority of the poor and marginalized. The variables selected were age, social status, economic status, occupational profile, educational status, gender and geographical conditions. In Kashmir, people have got differential access to education due to different socio-economic conditions. Some people enjoy a very high educational status due to their favourable contextual settings, while as the socio-economic disabilities of others force them to stay away from the light of education. The development of educational infrastructure across the valley is poor and uneven due to weak financial position and the local priorities and compulsions of the state government. The long run conflict between Pakistan and India has created a very turbulent history for the Kashmir valley and has a crippling impact on the development of this region. This conflict has taken resources and attention away from social welfare, thus causing education to continue to struggle. Despite of various constitutional provisions and educational policies declared over a period of time, equal opportunities of education for common masses in Kashmir is still a dream and there is the necessity of immediate initiatives on the part of government and the institution of education in particular to ensure the education for all, especially the majority of the poor and deprived.

The study was carried out to evaluate the stress and suicidal tendency of IX class students in Chinagadili mandal of Visakhapatnam district. The investigator followed the survey method of the descriptive research. The study was Since the present investigation is related to the collection of information from the students regarding the Stress and Suicidal Tendency, an ‘opinionnaire’ was constructed and administered and to find out the opinion students towards Stress and Suicidal Tendency among IX class students in Chinagadili Mandal of Visakhapatnam District. The data was collected from 100 IX class students from secondary schools of Chinagadili mandal of Visakhapatnam district drawn through simple random sampling technique. From the results of the study, it was found that students showed average response towards Stress and “Suicidal tendency” among IX std Teenagers in Chinagadili mandal of Visakhapatnam District. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference between Government and Private school student’s perceptions towards Stress and “Suicidal tendency” among IX standard students.

A World Bank study sometime back has established that a 10 per cent increase in broadband connectivity helped in pushing the GDP growth by 1.4 per cent. Further, the end goal of every developmental activity should be to successfully deliver the meaningful messages to the masses from the original sources from they are being generated. Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has already firmly established its position as a catalyst for good governance everywhere. Same is the case in our country also where ICT along with mass communication possess the potential to transform our country into an ‘Information Society’ with all its associated benefits percolating down to the masses Here we would like to look at things from the mass communication and ICT points of view as this is a discipline that has an overwhelming presence in each and every walk of our life always. On the other hand media has long been considered as the ‘fourth’ basic human need after food, shelter and clothes. It has become such an integral part of our individual, social and public life that we can’t even think of a life without it at all. This paper endeavours to examine how we can utilize the enormous reach of media for delivering education to the masses cutting across any discrimination. This is because the author believes that there is an unimaginably high potential for effectively carrying out such a campaign for the greater benefit of the society in the end by using media as a delivery mechanism for education, particularly in the ODL mode. We would restrict our discussions only to the field of higher education in this paper. There is lot of potential here because today our country’s population is served by many thousands of newspapers, periodicals, hundreds of TV/Radio news and entertainment channels 24 hours a day. Only thing is that we just need to tap these resources properly for delivering the goods to the masses who matter in the ultimate analysis. Otherwise how do we justify accumulation of scientific knowledge in research laboratories and institutions because if they can’t be applied for human welfare they do not have any value at all. And it is the media which do possess the potential for doing so in the real sense of the term.

ct The present Study entitled “Study Habit and Academic Achievement - A case Study of Higher Secondary School Students” was undertaken to know about the Study Habits and Academic Achievements of Higher Secondary Science and Arts students both boys and girls. Keeping the objectives in view, 80 Higher Secondary student where selected randomly among them 40 belonged to Science stream and 40 belonged to Arts stream. Study Habit Inventory constructed by Palsane and Sharma was administered and academic Achievement of the students included the percentage of marks obtained in the previous class was also taken into consideration. After the data was collected, it was tabulated and analyzed. The results revealed females have better Study Habits than the male, though, the Academic Achievements of males is better than the females. However, there is no significant difference between male and female Arts Higher Secondary students on Academic Achievements.

Teachers are very often been given names like “Master” “Mentor” and “Guru”. To achieve this status teachers throughout the history of civilization have come up to the expectations of the world around them. The vacations, holidays, fixed working time; fixed breaks are the factors that allure female species to teaching profession. But in the present it has transformed into a very demanding, threatening and competitive profession. The working status of the teacher in balancing the family and profession has made this job into a stressful occupation. Hence the researcher has made a humble attempt to study the stress level of teachers. Researcher has adopted descriptive design and systematic sampling technique to select 60 samples from the universe of 60 teachers in various schools of Kashmir Valley. The instrument used for collecting data was in the form of questionnaire. The questions framed were to identify workload, interpersonal relationship, student’s discipline problem and the rules of the school. The data was analyzed using SPSS for windows. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. Results showed that the level of stress among school teachers were in medium level. The results also showed that there was a significant relation between workload and experience of teaching and age. The most dominant stress factor was students discipline problem.

An appropriate administrative behaviour is the basic step towards the successful achievement of goals of any organization, institute and educational deeds. Globalization, technological advancement and cultural diversity made the administration more challenging. Education is social function which plays very vital role in one’s life, so enhancement and efficiency of an individual or whole organization depends upon excellent educational administration. For the preservation of the social, religious and cultural values of nation the absence of accurate administrative behaviour in education from any society cannot be afforded at any cost. The objectives of the study were; (a) to study the administrative behaviour of educational administrators in higher education, and (b) to find and compare Male and Female Educational Administrators in Higher Education on Administrative Behaviour. The sample for the study comprised of 70 male and 70 female administrators who were selected through stratified random sampling technique. The data was collected by using administrative behaviour scale developed by haseen taj. The data collected was analyzed by applying formulas of mean, S.D and ‘t’ test. At the basis of data analysis findings, recommendations and conclusions were made. From the results of the study, it was been found that male educational administrators differ significantly on all dimensions of administrative behaviour scale. The mean difference favours male educational administrators which implies that male educational administrators ensure that fair administrative procedures are to be followed, exercise fair and reasonable judgment in allocating resources, manage changes constructively, delegate work effectively, handle administrative tasks in a timely manner, demonstrate knowledge of departments and programs within the unit, maintain an effective and efficient staff than the ineffective educational administrators.

The place and the space of the Classrooms right throughout the world are changing with the massive use of Information technology tools and devices ion our day to day thus proliferating the use of it in the classrooms .In the Indian settings although because of many handicaps of the socioeconomic domains are not that forthcoming to change and to be as per the new western society, yet the beginning is made. In all this scene a demand is emerging is the technology or the teachers are to be in the classrooms of the 21st century and the development of the Social networking is playing a major role in the development of this trend. A time is now not only ripe for the class rooms to be changed but also for the both social actors –teachers as well as the Students are to be reciprocative to this trend happening because of the social media .This paper deals how the development of the social media and the social networking are to be instrumental in the knowledge society being shaped in the classrooms.

Often said ignorance is the cause of bondage and liberation is the result of knowledge. Knowledge empowers the powerless, illuminates and enlightens the minds, narrow down the differences and helps to win trust to bridge the gaps. The gap between the governing class, the so called representatives of the people and administrators of the public affairs and the governed, the economically poor, educationally backward and politically unconscious people has widened and there is a clear deficit of trust in between. The misuse and abuse of authority delegated for bonafide use, the culture of opaqueness and secrecy by the former has resulted in corruption, nepotism and the uneven and inequitable distribution of power and resources. Corruption in any form is the basis of all injustice; it converts merit into demerit, the innocence into guilt and the vice-versa and thus hits at roots of a society and consumes its vital basis. It is in this backdrop that the need for some extraordinary measure of accountability was strongly felt which culminated in the recognition of the right of information of the subjects. In India a comprehensive legislation, Right to Information Act, 2005 has been legislated by the parliament which extends to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir where the state legislature has enacted almost a verbatim of the central Act with slight modifications. However it needs a mention here that the Jammu and Kashmir government has recently made some amendments in the said Act which have been largely criticized as an attempt to subvert the process of accountability in the state.

Tourism has become a mass and highly complicated phenomenon with respect to its economic, socio-cultural and political consequences. It has gained status as the fastest growing industry in the world, due to its multifarious benefits. It has become an effective tool for the economic development in terms of employment generation and social integration, foreign exchange earner in increasing countries national income. The tourism industry comprises of a set of entrepreneurs which facilitates and tries to provides the services to different tourists to fulfil their dreams in to a reality. In today’s service marketing scenario in India Tourism sector has an immense role to play especially in the state like Jammu & Kashmir ,”the paradise on earth” which is worldwide known for its natural charm and beauty. These entrepreneurs tries to sells dreams to its customers in order to attract high influx of tourists across the globe and tries to take a remarkable position in the global market. The tourism industry is a mart of different tourists having different cultural background, tastes and preferences and different buying behaviour. They choose and come to a place where they can enjoy, forget their daily stress and strains without taking any kinds of unnecessary discomforts .This is not the end. When a tourist returns back to his/her place they carry their both negative and positive experiences and share those with others tourists . Beside this, there are other factors like completion, economic slowdowns, insurgency issues which a this sector is facing. Thus, there is a high need of rebuilding and repositioning J&K’s brand image towards the whole world. There is also a high need of ensuring every tourists safety and security , there is a need of not just making them satisfied with their present needs but also there is need of fascinating them with high class of quality service so that they will be delighted. And for this purpose every entrepreneur needs to understand different behaviours of tourists from various cross-cultural issues. With requisite infrastructure and support both from policy makers a local people side, these tourism entrepreneurs can play a great role in this aspect. The present paper tries to take a small initiative in identifying and highlighting some of the core issues in the growth process of this sector in J&K

This paper attempts to automatically build a multilingual dictionary using Indo-WordNet. WordNet is a lexical database for different languages. It groups words into sets of synonyms called synsets, provides short, general definitions, and records the various semantic relations between these synonym sets. For Indian languages, an Indo-WordNet is developed which includes languages like Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Urdu, Kashmiri, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Assamese and Oriya

This study was conducted to explore the Attitude of low income group parents of Kashmir towards gender discrimination in educational participation. The sample of this study included 200 parents. The self developed questionnaire was used by the investigator to access Attitude of low income group parents of Kashmir towards gender discrimination in educational participation. The results supported that there is significant difference in the attitude of low income group parents of Kashmir towards gender discrimination in educational participation.

India is known all over the world and is most populated growing country in the world after China. Indian communities are under increasing pressure to use ICT in India. ICTs hold great promise to improve teaching and learning in addition to social activities. ICTs represent one of the most powerful tools in the struggle against poverty, illiteracy and social development. It can be powerful tool to develop rural India. Secondary data from academic articles with a focus on India are used to analyze the contribution of ICTs towards the achievement of specific development goals in schools. The analysis shows that many ICT-based initiatives have taken place over the last decade and some positive effects have resulted. The main objectives of this paper is to explore possibilities for use of ICT in India and this study will be used to identify problems confronting India.